Changes In The Earths Environment Essay - 2133 Words

Changes in the Earths Environment The 20th century, especially in the second half, has been one of rapid change in the Earths environment. The impact of humans on the physical form and functioning of the Earth have reached levels that are global in character, and have done so at an increasingly mounting speed. 20 years ago the environment was seen as posing a threat to the future of humanity as death rates from natural hazards had increased dramatically since the turn of the century. The Earth though has always been plagued by natural disasters. Now, with the world population growing at a rapid rate more people are living in hazard prone areas. Events which may have gone unnoticed previously, only become hazards when there is†¦show more content†¦It is this growing world population, Burton et al (1978) suggest, that is the main reason behind why hazards are increasing and were seen to pose such a threat to humankind in the 70s. While the average number of disasters remained relatively constant at about 30 per year, death rates climbed significantly. As the growing world population requires the cultivation of land more prone to hazards, more people and property are thus exposed to the risk of disaster than ever before, and as Stow (1992) argues, the death toll inevitably rises. An example that shows the concern that humans faced from the environment can be exemplified by the Bangladesh cyclone of 1970, which killed approximately 250,000 people. Although part of the reason for so many deaths can be put down to a then poorly understood process, land-use can also be implicated. Because of a rising population, land in Bangladesh was reclaimed by the government and held against the sea. People in large numbers were then encouraged to occupy the area. An area which turned out to be one of great risk. Major disruption was inevitable Burton et al (1978) argue whenever population was in the path of such forces. Had reasonable measures been taken in advance of the storm, the material damage, loss of life and social dislocation could have been seriously reduced. In the 1990s we live in an information age. Today we have remarkable monitoring and predictive capabilities for natural hazards. The use of advancedShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Humans on the Environment Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Earth and the ecosystems we have today have been changed by many years of evolution. During the Earth’s life the world could not stay the same. It had to change and so did the creatures living with it. When the climate changes the creatures living there have to adapt to their new environment; luckily when the environment changes by natural cause it does so very slowly, in most cases, giving the animals time to find the best characteristics to survive. 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The Economic Impact Of Syrian Refugees On Domestic Economies

The Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Domestic Economies Josh Devou Thomas College EC 212 Macroeconomics Professor Leland March 13, 2016 Abstract The Syrian refugee crisis is a complicated issue that could be broken down into many different subcategories: humanitarian, culturally or as discussed in this paper, economically. Refugees who arrive in another country have an economic impact on their host country that may not be easily measured immediately, but the potential results are by no means unpredictable. But by eliminating political bias, personal or cultural beliefs, and focusing on the population and its characteristics, a clearer picture of the true impact of refugees. By applying economic concepts mixed with studies of previous refugee crises and news of current adoption of Syrian refugees; the impact of unemployment, GDP, and inflation can be predicted as it relates to countries accepting the refugees. Introduction: According to Investopedia, economics can be defined as the â€Å"studies how individuals, governments, firms and nations make choices on allocating scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants† (2016). Economists and people in a country often think of the economy as having a fixed or relatively low growth/shrinking populations; but when global events happen like the Syrian Civil War, large numbers of refugees are created. Those refugees seek safer places to live and create new population growth in the countries that they settle orShow MoreRelatedThe Syrian Conflict Of The United Nations Inter Agency On Water Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Syrian conflict moves into its sixth year, hopes for economic stability remain unclear in the Hashemite Kingdom. â€Å"Since the start of the violence in 2011, over 600,000 Syrians have sought refuge in Jordan. 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Social Psychology and Human Nature Human Behavior

Questions: Aim: To appreciate the impact of social influences on human behaviour. Scenario : You are an occupational psychologist who has been asked to improve staff productivity and compliance to legislation in a hospital setting. At this hospital staff do not follow the official code of conduct. Six months ago a very high status manager was employed to fix the problem. The manager was concerned about the length of time, for instance, it was taking staff to see patients and mindful of the fact that should this pattern continue, the Care Quality Commission may impose special measures against the hospital. To address this immediate concern, the manager stated that staff should not wait for a doctor to sign paperwork before attending to patients. Since then new members of staff have been recruited to ease the workload on staff. The new members of staff are following the actions of previous staff members rather than the code of conduct. Task: (1) Using your knowledge of social influence, critical ly explain the behaviour of staff members working at the hospital, making reference to research throughout. (2) Critically suggest and reflect on guidance (recommendations) to the Hospital Board of Governors on how to improve the situation. Answers: Introduction The social influence is the change in human conscious, behaviour, opinion and other psychological aspects under the inspiration of any other individual or group psychological perspective (Robinson, 2012). There are three identified forms of social influence are compliance, internalization and identification. In compliance, social influence occurs when one person agree to the opinion of another individual, In internalization people behave and agree to change under public social influence and identification is the change in behaviour under the influence of any social figure. The impact of social influence on human personality can be major or minor, positive or negative, good or bad depending on the type of influencing factors (Westcott, 2012). In this study, performing the role of psychologist the learner will identify the impact of social influence on the behaviour of the hospital current staff on the newly recruited staff members and analyse the behaviour of staff under the compliance of legislation to provide suitable recommendations for improvement. Task 1 Explaining the behaviour of staff members working at the hospital The scenario The provided case scenario is of a hospital staff not at all following the official code of conduct as well as influencing the new staff to follow their pathway of waywardness and misbehaviour in the organization, that were recruited to ease the workload of the existing staff. The new staff members were an immediate recruitment to have a control over the Care Quality Commission measures against the hospital but the impact appeared to be reverse than expected by administration of the hospital. The major staff of hospital consist, Doctors, Nurses, Technicians, Therapists, IT professionals, the clerical members, pharmacy specialists, janitorial, food service and environmental service staff. As a psychologist, this report confirms the different misbehaving activities conducted by hospital staff with noncompliance towards the code of conduct as well as the social aspects prompting this human behaviour. The further suitable recommendation provided in the study will help to overcome this unprofessional behaviour of hospital staff. The behaviour of staff members working in hospital The staff behaviour is a tool of medical organization to deliver patient satisfaction and medical care with specialized knowledge and skills. All the other resources of the hospital are channelized by staff behaviour that provides structure to hospital image (Cheng et al. 2010). This study was conducted in various wards of the hospital that includes surgical department, radiodiagnosis labs, gynaecological wards, hospital rooms, pharmacy and biological laboratories to analyse the role of all staff members in different sections of the hospital. The success of any hospital depends on the patient satisfaction and footfall level yet the patients are at the lowest level of hospital status hierarchy. The patients remain dependent on medical as well as the non-medical staff of the hospital for their basic needs like care, medication, food and cleanliness (Kausler, 2012). Golden and Earp (2012) stated that Doctor-patient relationship is 19% part of the medical treatment process and rest 82% part is the staff-patient interaction. The physicians interact with patients only once or twice a day and the other staffs interact all round the day with the patient. Therefore, Doctor-patient relationship is dependent on the staff-patient relation. In the present case scenario, the carelessness of nursing staff affected the physician-patient relationship reducing the quality of care for patients in the hospital. The nursing staff failed to transfer appropriate patient information to Doctor that lead to malfunctioning in care treatment process. One serious case was of a diabetes patient having a low sugar level in the body. The laboratory nursing staff mentioned high sugar level for this patient leading to a prescription of insulin injection from Doctors side. The patient went into critical situation due to the high level of insulin in body. There was a complaint filed by one patient that when he went to nursing station, all the members of staff were busy bidding an auction instead of providing care treatment and, at last, the patient was ignored until the auction ended. One of the visiting patients, stated that the senior nurses do not looks after the minor issues of patients. One husband asked a senior nurse to take care of his wife having high fever. The nurse purposely rejected the request indicating that checking sick is not her duty. Funk et al. (2010) studied the Milgram experiment on obedience in psychology stated that most of the people follow the order of their authoritative individual or group to an extent that their own inner conscious dies. A similar attitude was observed in the newly recruited nursing staff of the hospital. The new nursing staff was identified to follow the misbehaviour of existing staff. The junior nurses were identified to follow the immoral activities like ignoring patient requirements, carelessness towards medical liabilities, no fear of administration and no appreciation for the code of conduct. These activities were developed under the influence of existing staff in the hospital because the attitude was observed only after the continuation of work under the senior nurses. The other staffs of the biological laboratory, pharmacy, surgical department and radiodiagnosis labs worked in the group where all the junior and senior work together. It was observed that juniors followed the misconduct of existing staff irrespective of their training and knowledge. Ivers et al. (2012) opine that as per Asch studies the fear of reticulation or though of peculiar let people blindly follow their group activity. This attitude was observed in working scenario of these laboratory staff. The previous staffs were reported with misconducts like providing wrong medication, unhygienic environment, and loss of surgical instruments, loss of laboratory equipments as well as chemicals. These are the basic medical practices for which any medical staff in trained in their academic period. But, it was observed that newly arrived staff also followed the similar misconducts of previous staff in the hospital due to fear of being isolation, bullying and discrimination by other staff. Mackey and Liang (2012) studied the Crutchfield experiment on informational conformity where any individual will follow group guidance due to lack of information. This psychological conformity on social influence can be linked to present scenario of the hospital newly engaged staff. These staffs were recruited in a status of emergency where appropriate training and information regarding the hospital code of conduct was not at all provided to these professionals. Therefore, this lack of information delivery leads to the development of informational conformity in the new staffs that started to follow the misconduct of old staff in the hospital. Simera et al. (2010) studied the Hoflings experiment on social influence indicating that people generally develop an unwillingness to question their authority. In the present scenario, the instruction of manager to staff stating not to wait for their doctors for paperwork and just start attending patients was an act against the code of conduct. But, the nursing staff aware of the fact simply followed the authority instruction without any question. This behaviour indicated chnages on the social influence towards the authoritative instruction of the superior. Evaluation of study The above study on misconduct created by existing hospital staffs as well as their social influence on newly engaged staffs indicated that the authoritative and group influence of existing staff has changed the human behaviour of new staff leading to the development of misconduct in their practice. There is a lack of appropriate training of new staff leading to their lack of knowledge about proper hospital code of conduct as well as practices to be followed by a medical staff. This lack of proper knowledge easily processed the social influence of existing staffs on the newly engaged staff. Task -2 Suggesting and reflecting on guidance (recommendations) to the Hospital Board of Governors on how to improve the situation As per knowledge and understanding of issues arising in the current situation of the hospital the below-described guidance would be effective enough to have a neutral control over these circumstances. Proper training and knowledge on hospital code of conduct As per the code of conduct for healthcare professionals, the organization gets a guarantee of high standard care assurance in the hospital. The individuals in hospitals should be trained as per seven described scenario in code of conduct before recruiting them as health care professionals (Baumeister and Bushman, 2010). The seven scenarios in code of conduct are: - The professional is responsible for making sure that they reply for their actions Promote and uphold the confidentiality, enormity, health, rights and wellbeing of people using health care services Any healthcare professional should work in collaboration with other professionals in organization for wellbeing of care users Adopt effectively and open communication process with care users Make sure to respect any individual right to privacy Completely adopt the process of continuing professional development for improvement in your care quality standards Uphold and promote uniformity, multiplicity and annexation (Carver and Scheier, 2012) Implementation of care legislation in hospitals including laws and policies The administration should implement certain laws and policies mentioned by the government of the country to ensure better quality and care services in their hospital-working scenario to have a control over on-going misbehaviour. Some of the most effective laws and policies are described below: - Confidentiality policy 2014 Care standards Act 2000 Health Act 2009 Health Authorities Act 1995 Health and Social Care Act 2012 Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1997 Patient Rights Act 2011 (Kausler, 2012) Strict punishments for offensive activities by staff The hospital administration should develop a system for alerting staff for potential risks occurring due to their misbehaviour and negligence. Further, if there are no signs of improvement than a legal action should be initiated for the offence created by the staff member (Shove, 2010). Conclusion The above case study of changes in human behaviour created by social influence indicates that at the professional level as well social influence can initiate a positive or negative impression on human conscious. In the present hospital situation, immediate actions of implementing laws and policies, training the professionals and making disciplined procedures of offensive activities by staff should be taken by the administration to have a control over on-going negative social influence on the staff of the hospital. References Books Baumeister, R.F. and Bushman, B., (2010).Social psychology and human nature, brief version. Boston: Cengage Learning. Carver, C.S. and Scheier, M.F., (2012).Attention and self-regulation: A control-theory approach to human behavior. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Kausler, D.H., (2012).Experimental psychology, cognition, and human aging. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Robinson, L., (2012).Psychology for social workers: Black perspectives on human development and behaviour. London: Routledge. Westcott, M.R., (2012).The psychology of human freedom: A human science perspective and critique. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Journals Cheng, J.T., Tracy, J.L. and Henrich, J., (2010). Pride, personality, and the evolutionary foundations of human social status.Evolution and Human Behavior,31(5), pp.334-347. Funk, S., Salathe, M. and Jansen, V.A., (2010). Modelling the influence of human behaviour on the spread of infectious diseases: a review.Journal of the Royal Society Interface,7(50), pp.1247-1256. Golden, S.D. and Earp, J.A.L., (2012) Social ecological approaches to individuals and their contexts twenty years of health education behavior health promotion interventions.Health Education Behavior,39(3), pp.364-372. Ivers, N., Jamtvedt, G., Flottorp, S., Young, J.M., Odgaard-Jensen, J., French, S.D., Mackey, T.K. and Liang, B.A., (2012). Combating healthcare corruption and fraud with improved global health governance.BMC international health and human rights,12(1), pp.1. Shove, E., (2010). Beyond the ABC: climate change policy and theories of social change.Environment and planning A,42(6), pp.1273-1285. Simera, I., Moher, D., Hoey, J., Schulz, K.F. and Altman, D.G., (2010). A catalogue of reporting guidelines for health research.European journal of clinical investigation,40(1), pp.35-53.

The Restoration of the Athenian Empire Essay Example

The Restoration of the Athenian Empire Essay Our walls are crumbling and our fleet is minute. We here in Athens are unable to collect tribute from other city-states and are often in threat of being attacked. Our fleet is defenseless and weak. The Democratic fraction, propose that we spend our time and hard earned money on the rebuilding of our walls and fleet. That way Athens can dangerously collect tributes from other Greek city-states. The Democrats also would like to commence in hazardous military voyages with our insubstantial navy. Hoping the result brings forth great rewards. However as a Student of Socrates I strappingly disagree with the Democratic fractions. Yes our walls are collapsing and our fleet feeble but, is it essential to spend our money and time to rebuild. Is it of such importance collecting tributes that we put our great people of Athens at high risk? If we are to lead our few strong navy men to expeditions will they return, and who will protect our city-state. Instead of rebuilding and wasting our valuable time and money, the Students of Socrates propose to enlarge the hoplite divisions. Our foot soldiers will however need equipment in order to protect our great state. We will write a custom essay sample on The Restoration of the Athenian Empire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Restoration of the Athenian Empire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Restoration of the Athenian Empire specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We feel that with the money saved from not rebuilding our walls and fleet, our great state can provide these soldiers with the necessary tools. We do not want our walls or fleet to be rebuilt and feel as we should be self-sufficient within our own decaying walls. We feel that if we were to rebuild the fleet we could potentially be corrupting our great people with foreigner’s ideas and thoughts. As Socrates states â€Å"the Democratic fractions will make a tour of other states, where they will hire actors, with their fine persuasive voices, to play their works to large audiences, and sway them over to tyranny or democracy. As found on Page 306 568c Instead of becoming corrupt we wish to make Athens stronger. Socrates advice would be â€Å"to stick to his own way of life†. Anytime you allow outside influence your allowing potential corruption. Also Athens navy is frail and unable to protect the fleet so we would be risking the few strong men we have along with the rest of the Athenian’s. It is vital that we keep our strongest men safe so that we can train several upcoming foot soldiers. Who would we have to protect Athens if our strongest were directed on an expedition and perished? Instead of allowing Athens to become corrupt or even worse weakened under attack we would like to see our great state become self-sustaining. In this we would like Athenian’s to depend on our own resources. We can learn to make what we don’t have and the things that are insurmountable we can learn to live without. This may not be easy but, in time we will become a much stronger Greek unit. Socrates states on page 295 559b â€Å"But the desire for a more varied and luxurious diet is one which, with discipline and training from an early age, can normally be got rid of, and which is physically damaging to intelligence and self-discipline. May it therefore rightly be called unnecessary? † We will learn to be happy with our own resources and man-made items. This will make us nondependent on any other city-state. With our hoplite divisions trained, enlarged and, with sufficient equipment we should be less fearful of potential invasions. If by chance an assault on Athens was to transpire we now have many trained and equipped foot soldiers to protect us. In conclusion The Students off Socrates feel that by not rebuilding the fleet or wall we are making Athens a sturdier more dependent unit. We intend to grow our own nourishment, live off our own resources, and make our own merchandises. Without negative effects of foreign persuasion’s all our efforts and valuable resources will be retained within our own city-state. That with the saved expenses we are able to provide necessary tools and train many added foot soldiers. Adding superfluous security within our city-state. With the expansion of our hoplite division we will be able to keep our great state of Athens and all its inhabitants safe.