Lead Time Management in Garment Sector Essay Example

Lead Time Management in Garment Sector Essay European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X Vol. 33 No. 4 (2009), pp. 617-629 Â © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009 http://www. eurojournals. com/ejsr. htm Lead Time Management in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: An Avenues for Survival and Growth Nuruzzaman Department of Marketing, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh Ahasanul Haque Department of business Administration, International Islamic University Malaysia, Box No. 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract Bangladesh has developed as a significant provider of value readymade articles of clothing in the worldwide market. The terrific development of piece of clothing segment in Bangladesh as of late has significantly changed the scene of fare creation of the nation. When vigorously subject to fares of essential items lead by Jute, the economy of Bangladesh is currently encountering practically 76% fare commitment from readymade articles of clothing (RMG). The part has now involved a significant spot in Bangladesh national economy. By the by, everything isn't well in this division. It faces various difficulties and it is presently on the junction with the eliminating of standard framework, GSP offices and new arrangements of WTO. In this investigation endeavors have been made to discover the approaches to confront the serious business condition by the productive administration process towards the lead time decrease. The fundamental reason for this article is to break down the business procedure of the piece of clothing segment to discover it’s lead time minimization process. The investigation has been closed by the advancement of another outline of business process with the result that the other administration process in the flexibly chain is a significant factor as opposed to process the board ahead of the pack time minimization process. We will compose a custom paper test on Lead Time Management in Garment Sector explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Lead Time Management in Garment Sector explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Lead Time Management in Garment Sector explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Catchphrases: RMG, Lead Time Minimisation, Management process, Supply Chain. Presentation The stupendous development of piece of clothing segment in Bangladesh as of late has drastically changed the scene of fare organization of the nation. When vigorously reliant on fares of essential items drove by Jute, the economy of Bangladesh is presently encountering practically 76% (Nuruzzaman, 2005)export commitment from Readymade articles of clothing (RMG). The part has now involved a significant spot in our national economy. With the gifts of modest work, pressure for globalization of creation dependent on the spot economies just as the good treatment from created nations, Bangladesh and some other creating nations have continuously become the worldwide players in universal exchange RMG. Be that as it may, the Multi-fiber Arrangement office, which was reached out to support the least, created nations in sending out pieces of clothing and material has eliminated after 2005. Thusly, the recipients of MFA, including Bangladesh are confronting serious rivalry in the unprotected world market. At present, this division is confronting various difficulties broadly and universally. Lead Time Management in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh: An Avenues for Survival and Growth 618 Bangladesh is one of the main readymade pieces of clothing exporters in the worldwide market. The changing worldwide condition in business and the improvement of GATT into WTO brings up numerous significant issues with respect to increment in trade in the Textile and piece of clothing part for a creating nation like Bangladesh. To get by in this part Bangladesh must take prompt logical strategies empowering itself to contend all the more productively in the changing industry condition through minimisation of lead time. In the start of 1990s, the lead time was 120-150 days (Azad, 2004) however in 2007, it was decreased to 30-50 days, I. e. at present it is 90-100 days (Khan, 2007). China requires just 30 days because of their material and other in reverse linkage offices just as fare agreeable administration and supporting arrangement. It is 45-60 days in India and Pakistan (Nuruzzaman, 2008). Along these lines it gives the idea that in the current circumstance Bangladesh RMG industry won't have the option to contend effectively in the universal market for the presence of strangely long lead time. This is explicitly the primary issue region of present examination. To contend effectively in the furiously serious post-MFA worldwide unhindered commerce advertise, the producers must be satisfactorily furnished with the most recent information on logical administration in limiting lead time and other administration inadequacies (Nuruzzaman, 2007). We need to give full scale bolster o this area and need to develop the regressive linkage industry to lessen the reliance on imported crude materials and to limit lead-time. In this way, we have to discover some elective flexibly system to limit lead-time. Here in this examination steps likewise will be taken to concentrate on the lead-time the executives by introducing some effective and fruitless activities in the number one spot ti me the executives procedure. The reason for the current investigation is tied in with examining the current circumstance exceptionally the lead-time the board in the RMG segment of Bangladesh. Hypothetical Concepts RMG Business Structure Readymade article of clothing is a work escalated industry and moderately straightforward innovation contrasted with other cutting edge ventures. The RMG fabricating units resemble tailor’s shop; getting request from the outside purchasers and afterward import crude materials exceptionally textures from the remote providers or now and again purchase from the neighborhood showcase according to arrange, at that point make articles of clothing and flexibly those to the purchasers (Munir, Q. also, Salim, R. 2000). Figure 1: Business Structure of Bangladeshi RMG Industries Foreign purchasers Supply of completed merchandise Local crude materials providers Collect crude materials Articles of clothing organization (Manu facturer) Information stream Foreign crude materials providers Source: Nuruzzaman, 2007 In the RMG area, the Manufacturer Raw materials Supplier relationship is extraordinary. In this industry the fundamental crude materials are textures (Cloths) and barely any adornments resemble button, neckline and so on. About 80% of the providers of frill are neighborhood and adornments providers are not mindful to build lead time. The lead time is getting higher because of import of textures for the most part from China, Indonesia and India. The all out normal chance to import textures from abroad is 50-65 days and this is the 19 Nuruzzaman and Ahasanul Haque primary explanation behind long lead time (BGMEA research cell). During the time spent import of textures from the remote providers lies the principle purpose behind long lead time. The procedure is imagined in fig. - 2 beneath. Figure 2: Business structure and crude materials assortment process Buyi ng house Foreign purchasers Local crude material providers Garments organization (Manufacturer) Foreign materials providers crude Problem zone Order stream Collect crude materials Final item gracefully stream Information stream Source: Nuruzzaman, 2007 Lead Time Theory Todays clients around the world interest item as they need it, when they need it, and at the most ideal cost. In todays profoundly serious worldwide commercial center they are putting more noteworthy incentive on quality and conveyance time. Producers comparatively have started to put more an incentive on quality and conveyance time and organizations are attempting to increase a serious edge and improve productivity through cutting cost, expanding quality and improving conveyance. Anyway it is protected to state that the more serious the business, the more abbreviated lead times will help. In serious businesses, short lead time will separate an organization from its rivals, prompting increment deals (Charies J. Murgiano, CPIM). Lead time is one of the principle serious variables among organizations. The capacity to convey rapidly impacts fare, deals and in this way income. The meaning of lead-time can differ, contingent upon what some portion of the organization is engaged upon. It ordinarily incorporates all exercises from begin to end. Leadtime starts with the principal receipt of a client request and finishes with client receipt of the item or administration. Everything in the middle of is the lead-time (2004, elsmar. com). Lead-time alludes to the delay between submitting a request and accepting it (Li, 2000). In this investigation lead-time is characterized as the time it takes from getting request from a client and got the conveyed item by that client (Azad, 2004). At present, the normal lead time is 90-120 days. It is now and then 100-130 days. All out lead-time is comprised of time gave to handling orders, to securing and assembling things, and to moving things between the different phases of the flexibly chain. Nonetheless, lead times can frequently be diminished if things are moved following they are made or show up from providers (David Simchi et al. , 2000). Lead-time normally incorporates two parts: Information lead times (I. e. , the time it takes to process a request) and Order lead times (I. e. , the time it takes to create and send the thing). Data lead time can be decreased by utilizing exceptionally complex and present day correspondence framework while Order lead time can be diminished through effective flexibly chain the board (Simchi-Levi, David, 2000) A scientist named Marc Smith clarified lead time in two different ways (www. lsmar. com, 2004). To begin with, Customer lead time, which alludes to the time range between client requesting and client receipt. Second, Manufacturing lead time, which alludes to the time range from material accessibility at the main preparing activity to fulfillment at the last activity. In his paper Marc Smith created hypotheses for the decrease of lead time in the gear fabricating organization uncommonly in vehicle producing organization. It is likewise appli

Glossary AARON Essay Example For Students

Glossary: AARON Essay XdvFrom Titus Andronicus (Act II, scene I)Now at this timeclimbeth to rise with effortTamora name of the sovereign of the GothsOlympus the mountain which was the living arrangement of the old Greek godstop summitSafe to render secureout beyondof Indicating a circumstance, condition, or express, the flight or rise fromfortunes the great or sick that comes upon manshot the activity of shooting as a methods for attackand too assits to be in a place of restaloft above Secure liberated from dangerthunders the uproarious commotion following a glimmer of lightningcrack interruption; breachor and lightning the blaze of light that goes before thunderflash an astonishing explosion of light energyAdvanced to lift; to raise (particular past)above nearly higherpale not new of shading; wanenvys - malignance; show disdain toward; hatethreatening threatening, dangerousreach the degree to which an office or influence is restricted As in the quality ofwhen at the time ofthe distinct article, utilized by and large as at presentgolden taking after gold in shading or brightnesssun the illuminating presence that makes the day; the star at the focal point of our sun based systemsalutes to welcome, to make considerate notification ofmorn the initial segment of the day; the morninghaving gift plated gold laid upon a surfaceocean the extraordinary ocean with being held togetherhis manly possessive pronounbeams beam of light, transmitted from the sunGallops to run throughzodiac the twelve celestial signs through which the sun passesin inside glistering sparkling; sparklingcoach a nearby carriageoverlooks to see from a higher pointhighest-peering of the best altitudehills mountainsSo in the equivalent degreeUpon to exist together or close by of one another as perfect realities; to coincide her female possessivewit checked intellectual capacity of any kinddoth does natural relating to the earthhonour individuals of high notoriety and renownwait to remain in desire for ethicalness any great legitimacy or accomplishmentstoops to bow; to yield; to submittrembles to tremble; to quakeat a state of spot or timefrown a harsh and sullen lookThen at that timeAaron name of the Moor who recounts this speecharm to shield; to equipthy yourheart the wellspring of will and tendency, likewise the source or love and loving desirefit to preparethoughts ideasTo movement towards activity, spot, or statemount to climb royal relating to a domain or emperormistress a lady who has order and governspitch stature, unto a heightwhom direct item interrogativethou you, addressing self in second persontriumph triumph; conquestlong not for a shot measure of time; an all-encompassing time of timeHast haveprisoner an individual limited held kept in; detainedfetterd to be shackled; to be attached downamorous relating to lovechains a progression of connections or rings associated; a gadget made to limitation (metaphor)faster intently; tightlybound to be bound; to be restrainedcharming supernatural; be witchingeyes the organ of sight; the window to the spirit; Than demonstrating an object of discernment isolated from the subjectis solitary present pointer of action word bePrometheus the mythical being who took discharge from heaventied bound; restrainedCaucasus chain of mountains among Europe and AsiaAway to dispose of submissive slave-likeweeds dress servile as a peasantthoughts anything imagined in the mindI pronoun of the first personwill to wish; to desirebe becomebright of awesome beautyshine to glitterpearl a white, sparkling body; regularly worn as a jewelgold the most valuable metalthis demonstrating a thing or individual just referenced new-made reestablished to a past stateempress the partner of a ruler or female sovereignsaid spoken; utteredwanton to play (suggestive)queen a female sovereign or the associate of a kinggoddess a female deitySemiramis sovereign of Assyria, known for her crueltynymph a goddess of the mountains, woods or waterssiren a mermaidthat showing a t hing or individual presentcharm to influence with enchantment powerRomes relating to the capital city of Italy, boss seat of influence during the Holy Roman EmpireSaturnine name of the recently picked emperorsee to see with the eyeshipwreck the devastation of a boat by rocks or shelvescommonweals province; republic; body politic .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f , .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f .postImageUrl , .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f , .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f:hover , .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f:visited , .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f:active { border:0!important; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f:active , .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f .focused content zone { width: 100%; 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} .u69ae7f1 e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u69ae7f1e7389e0d47e7365470598ce1f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: An Inquiry Into Ophelias Madne Essay

A Splash of color!

A Splash of color! As something of an absent blogger over the past few months, one of the questions I have to answer upon returning to active duty is: where exactly did all that time go? Thats an answer too long and boring for this post (and for maybe any post; the last few months have been either a) pretty nonexciting, b) nonexciting to people who dont care about operating systems research and development, c) exciting, by which I mean Stargate SG-1 only has two days left on Hulu!, or d) all of the above). However, here is an apology blog post, complete with interesting topic and colorful pictures! Also, something or other about MIT, because thats my job, right? Also, true to form, I have returned bringing you something of a double (or triple slightly debatable) pun in the title and subtext. For starters, and for something MIT-related, lets talk about Splash. Splash is a pretty cool program that MIT runs every year (biannually, I think?); by MIT, I mean my friend Michele and a few of her cohorts in the Educational Studies Program office which is student-run, woot woot and by pretty cool, I mean this: Splash is a program lasting for one weekend where MIT students can teach /almost/ anything, and high / junior high school students can learn less than or equal to /almost/ anything. Its a pretty cool program to consider when in high school; although I wouldnt recommend taking it as a program to pad your MIT application (something I get asked about far too often _), I would recommend taking it as an awesome experience. My friend Maysarah, from my (local) high school attended it once; he came back with a ton of exciting stories and a duct-tape tophat (and more, but my memorys going you know, once you turn 19 it all goes downhill). This means he obviously took classes more interesting than mine. My classes, I say? What, do you ask, do I mean by that? Also, what do I mean by the last two sentences with their overloaded ugly grammatical structure? Good question. Well, this year, I kicked myself into shape in time to fill out the teacher application form for Splash, and decided to teach two classes. The ensuing disaster played out something like this: Class 1: Beat Me at Kirbys Avalanche! In high school, I used the ZSNES emulator to play the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game Kirbys Avalanche. I played it with three or four friends, and got pretty good at it. A game always (rather loosely) compared to Tetris when one first sees it, it involves creating combinations of falling, popping blocks to drop more blocks on your opponents screen. It looks something like this: And the class was something like this: (Ok, not exactly like that, but that image came up in my google search and I decided to use it). The Splash program gave me the money to buy a SNES console with two controllers, a copy of Kirbys Avalanche, and several pounds of assorted candies. For an hour, I battled any challengers who wanted to take me on for a shot at winning a prize, and at the end the two people to beat me walked away with the grand prize of the SNES and game and the second prize of all the extra candy. I had an awesome time teaching and playing the game, and a more awesome time losing. Class 2: Pointers on Pointers This class was a little more academic; having just taken MITs 6.828 this fall (maybe more on that later; its the one class Ive taken here so far (the rest being mostly requirements) that I actually *really* cared about and was interested in). 6.828 is MITs junior/senior/graduate/something level operating systems course; we spend the semester studying, reading about, and developing operating systems. After a semester of that class, I was fully brushed up on my C-fu (C, the programming language) and wanted to share my enthusiasm for the awesome construct that is the memory pointer. The class began with an intro to variables in programming and memory, and ended with development of a stack tracing program for Linux and an out-of-time overview of fun things to do with function pointers. If that all sounded like gobbledegook, the moral of the story is: I have this awesome but extremely geeky interest, and for an hour a classroom full of high school students both wanted to and did sit and l isten to me talk about it, and hopefully they had fun. Now, that was Splash; time to talk about my most recent splash (har, har): an experiment in the physics of waves*. *(apparently, moving an almost-full fish tank on the top shelf of a wheeled shelving unit can lead to several gallons of slimy, fish-solution-treated water splashing onto you and your clothes) Starring: Tiny guppy #1! Tiny guppy#2! Two dalmatian mollies! Two SWEET tiger platies! And various plants. Yep. I got fish. Not as exciting as Im making it seem, but I love it; for better or for worse, I find them about as equally mesmerizing as TV. Eventually, Ill have more fish in the tank, but right now its still developing a stable population of necessary bacteria yada, yada, yada, too soon. (For the aquarium lovers among you: any suggestions for more freshwater fish for a 29G?) The awesome part, though, is that Im allowed to keep these fish in my dorm. Not only that; were allowed to keep cats. I love living in a dorm with pets, because when everybodys gone to sleep and you find yourself still awake and still working during the witching hour, theyre incredible company. Its incredibly soothing to have something moving and alive in your room at all times e.g. fish and incredibly more soothing to have something nuzzling your foot when all other life around you has retired for the night *(ok, maybe only if that something is a cute, fuzzy, cat/dog/other pet). One reason I really like my dorm at MIT. Which is why Ill just end with this: meet my friend, Cat. because who can resist a kitty?

Henry Brown Patents Safer Document Storage

Henry Brown patented a receptacle for storing and preserving papers on November 2, 1886 This was a kind of strongbox, a fire-safe and accident-safe container made of forged metal, which could be sealed with a lock and key. It was special in that it kept the papers inside it separated, A precursor to the personal safe? It was not the first patent for a strongbox, but it was patented as an improvement. Who Was Henry Brown? No biographical information about Henry Brown could be found, other than his being noted as a black inventor. He lists his place of residence as Washington DC at the time of his patent application, filed June 25, 1886.  There is no record of whether Henry Browns receptacle was manufactured or marketed, or whether he profited from his ideas and designs. It isnt known what he did as a profession and what inspired this invention. Receptacle for Storing and Preserving Papers The box designed by Henry Brown had a series of hinged trays. When opened, you could access one or more of the trays. The trays could be lifted separately. This allowed the user to separate papers and store them securely. He mentions it was a useful design for storing carbon papers, which might be more delicate and could be damaged by scraping against the lid. They could also transfer carbon smudges to other documents, so it was important to keep them separate. His design helped ensure that they didnt come into contact with the lid or the tray above each lower tray. That would minimize any risk of damaging documents when you opened and closed the box. The use of typewriters and carbon papers at this time likely presented new challenges in how to store them. While carbon papers were a handy innovation for keeping a duplicate of typewritten documents, they could be easily smudged or torn. The box was made of sheet metal and could be locked. This allowed for secure storage of important documents at home or the office.   Storing Papers How do you store your important papers? Have you grown used to being able to scan, copy, and save paper documents in digital formats? You may have difficulty imagining the world where there might be only a single copy of a document that could be lost and never recovered. In the time of Henry Brown, fires that destroyed homes, office buildings and factories were all too common. Papers being flammable, they were likely to go up in smoke. If they were destroyed or stolen, you might not be able to retrieve the information or proof they contained. This was a time when carbon paper was the commonly used way to make multiples of important documents. It was a long time before the copying machine and before documents might be saved on microfilm. Today, you often get documents in digital form from the outset and have a reasonable reassurance that copies can be retrieved from one or more sources. You may never print them out.

The Harsh Reality Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck

The Harsh Reality â€Å"Listen to me, you crazy bastard,† â€Å"Don t you even take a look at the bitch. In this quote, it shines light on how people treat each other during the book and how they act when they are near each other. Instead of saying nice words, they bring people down in Mice and Men. Individuals in the story use mean phrases and words to use against people that are not the same as them or that doesn’t look like them. Why does the author use derogatory terms in his book Mice and Men, what message was he trying to send to his readers? â€Å"In John Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, the author illustrates that people discriminate against one another because they want to feel better about themselves and to gain self-pride. People discriminate because they are insecure about themselves. What this idea means is that people are not true to themselves, so they have to reform in bullying and discriminating each other. So when Candy or anybody on the farm tries to bully Lennie, it is because he not the same as a â€Å"normal† person in that society and that he is not the same as everybody else in the book. For example â€Å"Lennie lumbered to his feet and disappeared into the brush. Furthermore, proving my point, â€Å"George lay where he was and whistled softly to himself. There were sounds of splashing down the river in direction Lennie had taken. George stopped whistling and listened.† â€Å"Poor bastard,† he said softly, and then went onShow MoreRelatedOf Mice And Men And Othello Analysis1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impossibility of Ideals in Othello and Of Mice and Men It is a celebrated part of human nature to dream big. All too often, these idealistic dreams become too big, and as demonstrated in Othello by William Shakespeare and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the harsh reality will always catch up. 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The lowest of the low were the migrant labourers travelling from place to place trying to scratch a living. They often had to travel illegally by freight car with all its consequent dangers. Their life expectancy was low, crime

What Everyone Is Saying About Good Comparative Essay Topics Is Wrong and Why

What Everyone Is Saying About Good Comparative Essay Topics Is Wrong and Why The New Fuss About Good Comparative Essay Topics In the event you've got to compose a comparative politics essay, you will need to look for influential folks who have some similarities, but in addition some wonderful differences. There are a lot of good topics to choose and here are a few of the bests to pick from. Mention similarities and the way both ideas differ. There are lots of thoughts and concepts which you could decide to write about when you're selecting an essay topic. Get the Scoop on Good Comparative Essay Topics Before You're Too Late As a high school student, you shouldn't pick a topic that's complicated as you might become stuck on the way. Students are going to be able to select their readings among several. For an initial idea, they can read through some of the following American history topics recommended by this dissertation writing agency. After the student was assigned to wri te a comparative essay in an audio education class, they may not have any idea where to begin. If you wish to see more topics, be certain to look at My Homework Done. Students with a necessary review. Comparative essay topics have zero limit, they can be about anything which can be compared, items that may be matched up that exhibit attributes that may be related. It has been a wonderful source of expression about what you want to talk about and how you want to describe something. Essays have various structures. Then devote a different section to spell out how each one among them is unique. In the introduction paragraph, mention your thesis statement plus a concise explanation of the most important topic which you will explore. There's an ideal case of such topics below. For instance, you might be requested to compare two items that could take the shape of ideas, individuals, books or a lot of different objects. If you decide to write on comparative essay topics you must realize that you need to do much more research especially because here you'll be comparing at least two things thus you might be working on more things than two things. Nowadays, it's not a huge problem when a person doesn't have necessary skills for making good papers, because there are a lot of ways to complete assignments faster and better without them. Most significant effect on writing. Key Pieces of Good Comparative Essay Topics With all these skills you're good to go in regards to writing a comparative essay . You will be able to pick a writer you enjoy the most and with a couple clicks, order your upcoming essay. The fantastic essay writers are in a position to do a research, based on what you've requested. Each essay writer on the team is highly-skilled and will be able to help you overcome any kind of writing obstacle. All you have to do is learn how to compose comparative essay and after that locate some exceptional, original comparative essay topics. Writing on comparative essay topics which you can be given all you should do is keep in mind the fundamentals of essay writing and after that add the comparison in the essay. While writing a comparative essay all you want to do is keep in mind the fundamentals of essay writing and add the comparison in the essay. The Argument About Good Comparative Essay Topics If you're fighting to compose an essay, you may either place an order for a brand-new part of work on the subject of your choice or you could write it yourself and then order a re-write or proofreading services. The procedure is organized in such a manner thatour managers monitor every writer so you may be sure that the work is getting done. It's absolutely safe to use our expert services. Thus, you've got an opportunity to pick the most desirable rates.

Snow In August Essay Research Paper English free essay sample

Snow In August Essay, Research Paper English Project Snow In August Undertaking The Rabbi and Michael Devlin have a really close relationship because Michael? s male parent died in World War II, as did Rabbi Hirsh? s household. When Frankie assaults Mister G, Michael is traumatized. Then Mister G falls into a coma and is lost to the ever-dwindling fold in Rabbi Hirsh? s temple. Besides they are both in demand for person to acquire near to. Rabbi Hirsh has few members in his fold and no household in America. Michael feels entirely at place because his female parent plants and comes place tardily another ground for Rabbi Hirsh and Michael to be near. The War was traumatic for Michael. His male parent enlisted because he loved America, but he was killed in action in Europe. Rabbi Hirsh? s whole household was wiped out in the Holocaust. Therefore, they can happen comfort in each other they are sort of like a male parent and boy. We will write a custom essay sample on Snow In August Essay Research Paper English or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Michael gives the Rabbi his old wireless and the Rabbi offers Michael money for making the simple, undertaking of turning on a visible radiation. They besides provide religious comfort for each other. Michael is a devout Catholic and the Rabbi is a devout Jew, at times they each have uncertainnesss about their relationships with G-d. The Rabbi admirations why his fold can hardly do a minyan any more? And Michael wonders how person like Father Heany can merely run through the service, automatically, non believing the nature of the supplication? Possibly they both don? T know what to make? Like most people in town they hate Frankie McArthy, the town bully. Michael has three grounds. First Frankie? s pack rapes his female parent. Second Frankie and his pack beat up Rabbi Hirsh. Third, he witnessed the barbarous whipping of Mister G, who is paralyzed. The Rabbi and he can portion their adversities. The Rabbi likes to state Michael narratives about the old state, the golem and what Judaic life was like. Michael is ever really interested. Is it because it was from the old state where his male parent died? Or, is it because the narratives were interesting? Michael got to cognize the Rabbi when he was asked to make a favour. Michael was really uneasy on come ining the temple. The following clip he went in was for another favour and the 3rd, to see if there was some concealed hoarded wealth that was in the temple. All his friends told him there was. At the terminal he loved the Rabbi for his narratives, for his grasp of the universe, and besides his moral lessons. He loved that the Rabbi ever wanted to larn new things and neer gave up until he had finished the occupation. The Rabbi merely needed aid with a light bulb but when he saw that Michael came back a 2nd clip he thought that he and Michael could hold a existent relationship. It was based on assisting each other. Michael helped the Rabbi learn English. The Rabbi helped Michael learn yiddish. What foremost began as wonder developed into a friendly relationship. But even so, why did Michael continue to hold such funny ideas about the? hoarded wealth? ? He saw the manner the Rabbi liv ed. He was ever have oning dirty vesture, so why did he maintain on thought that there was a? hoarded wealth? ? If I could, I would inquire Michael three inquiries. Why did he non state on Frankie? Why did he go on to tie in with his friends if he knew that their seniors were anti-semitic? Was he bewraying the Rabbi by still being friends with these people? Why did he non state on Frankie? Why did his ma tell him that being a fink is so bad? Why did he non listen to the Rabbi, when, the Rabbi told him that non stating person about a offense is merely every bit bad as making the offense itself.

The Hidden Life Of Dogs Essay Research free essay sample

The Hidden Life Of Dogs Essay, Research Paper Book Review # 8220 ; The Hidden Life of Dogs # 8221 ; by Elizabeth Marshall Thomas The Hidden Life Of Dogs was written by Elizabeth Thomas who is presently good cognize and extremely re-spected for her books. Elizabeth Thomas was born in America and presently lives in New Hampshire. This is a book that is unlike any book of all time written as it takes the position from a different angle. It was foremost published in the United States in 1993 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Elizabeth has written five books, all best sellers. It is apparent that her success is due to her intense research as she has travelled the universe while composing her books. With international success, Elizabeth plans to go on her calling that presently seems to be skyrocketing. # 8220 ; The Hidden Life Of Dogs # 8221 ; was non merely any book. Clearly there was much more attempt involved. Get downing with an introductory character, Misha who was a Husky, began the book good. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hidden Life Of Dogs Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This book tried to acquire the thought across that humans knew merely really small about Canis familiariss and their forms. After intense observations on Misha, some thoughts were brought up. How did the Canis familiaris cognize how to traverse a main road on its ain? How did its navigational accomplishments work? How was it that this Canis familiaris knew precisely where it was and could go through different metropoliss without going lost and other Canis familiariss couldn? T? Continuing on to conveying in other Canis familiariss Elizabeth was analyzing, she pointed out that some had accomplishments that others did non. Misha was clearly able to voyage himself but when with another Canis familiaris, he would go lost. After careful observation it was seen that the other Canis familiaris could easy free path of where she was and mislead Misha. Another interesting subject covered is how Canis familiariss behave with each other. How they achieve their societal position, why some Canis familiariss wear? t become accepted and how they react to each other. By comparing the Canis familiariss with the wolves and dingoes some of the Canis familiariss # 8217 ; actions become clearer, but there is one thing a Canis familiaris truly wants and that is to be with others, and to love their proprietor. It was explained how a Canis familiaris defende d a bird and mouse in a coop from another aroused Canis familiaris in the same house. Likely accounts for this could be because the older Canis familiaris felt that the peace was non being maintained or possibly he knew that the mouse and bird were his master’s properties and he should protect them. The book goes on to explicating what occurs between the Canis familiariss when they mate, why some Canis familiariss kill their litter and many other subjects. The decision is rather brief, Elizabeth explains what happens to her Canis familiariss, how a Canis familiaris feels when her best mate dies and the relationship her Canis familiariss had with the wolves and prairie wolfs and their interactions. Each individual chapter of this book brings up a new issue and investigates it. The involvement is maintained throughout the book strictly because of the absorbing information given about this species, information that had non been studied before. The writer besides wrote in a clear cut manner, giving a solid and equal description of everything and so traveling on to new parts, non doing it deadening. Very few illustrations are used in the book, merely one in the beginning of each chapter. Illustrations in this book would hold small usage as there is no manner of truly depicting every action made by the Canis familiariss. Alternatively of illustrating, the book kept the text clear, non doing it confounding but easy to understand and exemplify in the head. In general, the book was at an first-class criterion, really easy to read, non excessively long and no major confusions. These little inside informations made the book gratifying to read every bit good as being utile information. The book # 8217 ; s aim, to give worlds better cognition about our close friend, did merely that. It achieved to demo that the Canis familiaris can be misunderstood for being stupid when truly it knows much more than we think it does. Clearly many tiring and endless hours have been put in to do this book a success and how it was done is truly astonishing. Elizabeth looked after more than 20 Canis familiariss, spent all her trim clip detecting them, walking with them until she saw why they did what they did. The concealed life of Canis familiariss was a great book that would maintain any reader at any age occupied and entertained.

Founder of the Black Panther Party Huey P Newton A Forgotten Legacy essays

Founder of the Black Panther Party Huey P Newton A Forgotten Legacy essays In the late 1960's and early '70's posters of the Black Panther Party's co-founder, Huey P. Newton were plastered on walls of college dorm rooms across the country. Wearing a black beret and a leather jacket, sitting on a wicker chair, a spear in one hand and a rifle in the other, the poster depicted Huey Newton as a symbol of his generation's anger and courage in the face of racism and classism. He is the man whose intellectual capacity and community leadership abilities helped to found the Black Panther Party (BPP). Newton played an instrumental role in refocusing civil rights activists to the problems of urban Black communities. He also tapped the rage and frustration of urban Blacks in order to address social injustice. However, the FBI's significant fear of the Party's aggressive actions would not only drive the party apart but also perpetuated false information regarding the Panther's programs and accomplishments. In recent years, historians have devoted much attention of the e arly 1960's, to Malcolm X and Martin Luther King and have ignored the Black Panthers. The Panthers and Huey P. Newton's leadership of the Party are as significant to the Black freedom struggle as more widely known leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. A typical American history high school textbook not only neglects to mention Huey Newton but also disregards the existence of the Black Panthers altogether . Therefore, we must open this new chapter in American history and discover the legacy and story of Huey P. Newton's Black Panthers, which has been hidden for far too long. Huey's experiences growing up were central in his conception of the Black Panthers. Unlike King and many other civil rights leaders who were religious Southerners, from middle class and well-educated families, Huey P. Newton was a working class man from a poor urban black neighborhood. Born February 17, 1942, in Oak Grove Louisiana, Huey moved to Oakland, California shortly after his ...

Examining Ethical Controversies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examining Ethical Controversies - Essay Example This has shaped our attitudes towards an ethical or moral problem and we usually assume that the arbiter of the dispute, be it the judiciary or the government or any other dispute resolution mechanism would look at both sides of the issue and come out with a balanced verdict. However, there is another school of thought that states that â€Å"one side can be totally wrong† in an ethical dilemma. If one takes this statement at face value, we would be giving in to one side of the debate. However, ignoring it would mean that we may unwittingly play into the hands of one side that is obstructionist and fundamentalist. If we can apply this to the debate over intelligent design vs. creationism, we would find that the advocates of intelligent design may have got it wrong. Thus, one side can be totally wrong in their assessment of the situation. This is the first learning that I have made when it comes to evaluating ethical controversies. The next point relates to the so-called â€Å"moral hazard†. This is a term that has been applied to the recent bailout of banks and wall street operators by the government. Thus, the line of argument goes that one cannot let the perpetrators of the unethical lending practices walk away without paying the price. The other side of the debate is that the whole financial system is at risk. Thus, this question over the morals of punishing the few or saving the many would let us think about the whole issue of whether the oversight that is required was missing in the first place. Thus, the second learning is that regulators and the government officials in charge of overseeing fair practices have a lot to do and in this case, answer for. When we consider the right to die or the argument for Euthanasia, we charter into territories where the person who is administering the drug that would kill the terminally ill patient is â€Å"playing god†. This was particularly evident in the debate over Terry Schivaio. My take on this would be that

Economic Trend in Countries Like Ireland, Malaysia, Essay

Economic Trend in Countries Like Ireland, Malaysia, - Essay Example an Institute of Economic Research, such corrective measures have led to an increase in most of the consumer product prices, thus raising the cost of living. Such a situation is giving inflation an upper hand, especially with issues revolving around the cost-push and demand-pull factors being on the rise. In a report made by the Department of Statistics of Malaysia, there was a noticed expansion in the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the 2013 fourth quarter. There is a sense of growth in Malaysia because it is demonstrating to be an economic pace-setter in the Asian region. The table below shows the GDP growth rate of Malaysia since 2010, expressed as a percentage. From the table, it is very clear that the last quarter in the year 2013 recorded an improvement of 2.4% from the previous quarter that was at 1.9%. However, TradingEconomics.com records that the total growth rate in 2013 fell to 5.6 from 6.4 in 2012. There is a clear indicator that Ireland’s GDP recorded a 2.4 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013, which is due to the massive imports and a reduction in the general consumer expenditure. This is in relation to IAB Treasury Economic Research as shown in the chart below. The Economic and Social Research Institute confirms that there are many investment opportunities in Ireland. This is because there are positive trend in the machinery and equipment purchases. The statistical calculations indicate that the trend has grown by a margin of 11 percent. In addition, there is a huge growth base in the construction industry, which indicates good improvement. Regarding Ireland’s expenditure, there is a massive growth in imports (stlouisfed.org). Statistically, there is a 1.0% improvement in government spending as compared to the 2013 third quarter, which was at 4.9%. The imports show a slight improvement that is 0.8% as compared to the previous quarter, which was at 0.5%. Ireland’s expenditure had 9.8 percent in the total exports because of a

Increase In Private Car Usage Construction Essay

Increase In Private Car Usage Construction Essay This paper shows the public attitude towards new urban transport system. This study was actually taken out when the project was being under construction. Random sampling was done to the people who commute mostly by their own car. People were asked different questions by surveying questionnaire to find travel attitudes. SPSS was used to find results. Most people were not willing to switch from their own car to new urban transport system. By results it was found that current public transport in Lahore is uncomfortable, unsecure, and not reliable. By assuring that new system will be reliable, comfortable and suits you in every respect, most people were still unwilling to switch from car because they dont have trust on govt. To conclude, new system has drawbacks and people attitudes are not eco- friendly. INTRODUCTION Increase in private car usage in developing countries is causing numerous problems. Many big cities of developing world are facing issues like congestion, air pollution etc. Public transport and sustainable modes of travelling are considered to be solution. (Goodwin, 1996; Greene and Wegener, 1997). Lahore is the second populated city of Pakistan. Its population is more than 9 million and about 13.5 million daily people travel in 2006. (Transport Department1, 2012). Population is increasing, private car trend and related problems are exacerbating. In city, public transport is very poorly managed, traffic jams has increased the commuting distance. Lahore Transport Company buses are good but these are in very few routes. Mostly mini-buses which are very poor in condition are major transportation mode. By the last 15 years, increase in population and private vehicles has deteriorated air quality. Vehicle registration has increased from 56 to 116 per 1000 inhabitants. Cars have been increasing 10-15% annually. (Transport Department2, 2012) There were 2129990 total registered vehicles up to June 2009. (Punjab Development Statics, 2010) Public transport is often considered a sustainable mode for transportation. There should be policy measures to increase public transport usage. For that, public transport systems have to be improved by understanding the travel behavior and consumer needs. ( Beirao and Cabral, 2007 ) Rapid Transit System To cope with traffic problems and such issues JICA done a detailed study in Lahore on transportation system. The study plan was for 20 years, two main corridors were identified: Ferozepur Road Corridor 28.7 Km Multan Road Corridor 12.4 Km Ferozpur Road corridor is also called Green Line, which extends from Hamza Town to Shahdara. It goes along Ferozpur Road, Fatima Jinnah Road, The Mall, Lower Mall, Ravi Road and ends on Shahdara through River Ravi. The journey from Hamza Town to Shahdra Station will take about 45 minutes by a regular speed of 33 Km/hr. It is assessed that 380,000 commuters will travel per day in 2015 rising to around 666,000 by 2025. The expected cost of Green Line is 2.4 billion US$, and an EIRR of over 13%. Orange Line is second important line 27 Km long from South west of Lahore at Ali Town to Dera Guran in the North east. It runs along Raiwind Road to Thokar Niazbeg, Multan Road, Lake Road, Macleod Road, GT Raod and ends on east of Ring Road GT Road interchange. The Patronage of this line is projected to be about 330,000 commuters per day in the opening year 2018, going up to 495,000 by 2025. The expected cost is 2.0 billion US$ and EIRR is 10%. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project also stimulated private sector attention in city transport system. Govt. of Punjab and Lahore Transport Company would make sure investment friendly environment to the private sector to practice protected, comfortable, reliable and inexpensive public transport. Feasibility, design, manufacture, process and maintenance of BRT will be on BOT basis. Therell be electronic fare system and fare will be decided by LTC which can vary with the time. Standards of safety and speed will be sustained. It will save vehicle operational and maintenance cost. Travel time and congestion will decrease resulting in reduced number of road accidents. Economic activities will upturn. By the presence of smoother and safer intra city travel system people will tend to switch from private car to new urban transport system. Thus this will be fuel efficient and sustainable mode. Project implementation is based on Public Private Partnership (PPP) which will resolve finance problem and project will complete in certain time. Private party will be responsible for whole implementation of project. BRT system will take up in the central defined lanes. This will prevent from traffic queues, pedestrians, illegal parked automobiles etc. Passengers will pay on bus stop entering, and every platform of station will be elevated to the height of bus floor. Bus lanes must be maintained by regulatory signing and separated from rest of the traffic by physical barriers. Additional force will be hired to prevent infringement into bus lanes and fines will be charged for illegal entry. Bus way requires two lanes in each course, and one lane will be 10 feet wide in each course. (Transport Department1, 2012 Transport Department2, 2012) METHODOLOGY Data Source: Random sampling was done along the proposed Green Line where project work had been started. It was about long. I did survey in Punjab Secretariat, Govt. College University, Punjab University (old campus), Choburji, 32 Chowk, Urdu Bazar. I selected those people who travel by their private car mostly. I acquired the information by asking questions so that i tried to get relevant and accurate answer. There were 100 questionnaires that I filled by people. Before it I run pilot testing to correct mistakes in our questionnaire. For all the statistical analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. Then the analytical techniques like frequencies, cross tables, correlations, and regression was done and interpreted the results. VARIABLES: The variables that I used in questionnaire were age, income, education, marital status, gender, family size, commuting distance, time spend on road, usage of public transport, reliability of public transport, reason for using private car, air pollution by car usage, road congestion on road, reliance on new urban transport, willingness to switch from car, reason for not willing. Contingent Evaluation Method: I used CVM method to find willingness to switch from car usage to new urban transport system. CVM is used to find willingness to pay and willingness to accept for some betterment in the system. The method enables us to establish the value of those goods and services that are not exchanged in markets hence prices are not associated with them. Results: Correlations What is your education? Will you switch to new transport system? What is your education? Pearson Correlation 1 .077 Sig. (2-tailed) .444 N 100 100 Will you switch to new transport system? Pearson Correlation .077 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .444 N 100 100 As the value is .077 near to zero it means theres a weak relation between education and willingness to switch. More the education means that theres less willingness to switch from private car usage to public transport. People were not willing to switch either they have highly educated or not. This shows the selfish and non-friendly behavior to environment. Correlations What is your income? Will you switch to new transport system? What is your income? Pearson Correlation 1 .059 Sig. (2-tailed) .562 N 100 100 Will you switch to new transport system? Pearson Correlation .059 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .562 N 100 100 Correlation value is .059 for income, showing also weak relation between income and willingness to switch. More the income person is less likely to switch from car usage to public transport. Regression: The value of regression should be from 0 to 1. The low values education, income and other factors show that the people attitudes are not determined by these factors. They dont care of environment. R- SQUARE: Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .121a .015 -.016 1.018 2 .199b .040 -.022 1.021 3 .214c .046 -.050 1.035 a. Predictors: (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? b. Predictors: (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance? c. Predictors: (Constant), what is your gender? What is your income? What is your age? What type of is your job? What is your education? What is your commuting distance? Road congestion increased time spends, comfort and reliability of public transport, new urban transport system is reliable T-value Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 1.204 .454 2.652 .009 What is your age? .015 .136 .014 .113 .911 What is your income? .064 .153 .050 .417 .677 What is your gender? .212 .204 .106 1.041 .301 2 (Constant) .702 .671 1.047 .298 What is your age? .009 .138 .008 .063 .950 What is your income? .054 .158 .043 .342 .733 What is your gender? .196 .205 .097 .955 .342 What is your education? .094 .176 .056 .537 .593 What type of is your job? .148 .106 .143 1.391 .168 What is your commuting distance? .012 .178 .007 .065 .948 3 (Constant) 1.153 .916 1.260 .211 What is your age? .011 .140 .010 .077 .939 What is your income? .050 .163 .040 .308 .759 What is your gender? .178 .209 .089 .851 .397 What is your education? .087 .182 .051 .481 .632 What type of is your job? .151 .108 .146 1.401 .165 What is your commuting distance? .020 .181 .011 .108 .914 comfort and reliability of public transport -.118 .198 -.063 -.595 .553 new urban transport system is reliable -.028 .127 -.024 -.218 .828 road congestion increased time spend -.045 .107 -.044 -.419 .677 a. Dependent Variable: will you switch to new transport system? Conclusion and Discussion: Road congestion and air pollution is one of the major problems caused by increasing trend of private car usage. Public transport is often considered an effective and environment friendly way of travelling. Rapid transit project in Lahore seems to be effective but people using private car are not willing to switch to this. Most people dont have trust on current government, they dislike this project. Some say that this project would not be completed because this government was going to end sooner. And they didnt believe that itd have security, more comfort, and better management. And many people had the problem that this rapid transit route is specified and their homes were far away. So, if they wanted to travel by mass transit then they had to cover long distance to join it. Some people say that they had to done different tasks in whole day so the timing of rapid transit would not suit them. Only, very less people were agreed on switching to rapid transit because they suffer mostly by traffic jams and cant afford any damage to their car. These all are behaviors of people and they dont depend totally on education, income, marital status, gender, commuting distance etc. By doing all work I concluded that the behavior would all different when the project was completed and bus was started to travel. Mini-buses, vans, and open rickshaws would almost washout. Because these all are in very bad conditions and person only used that due to absence of alternative. So, I think theres no need to tell the people right things but change the situation and conditions so that their attitude becomes environmental friendly. As effective policy making and its implementation can do this.

Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan Essay -- Transporta

Alternative Transportation & Greenways System Plan In Transportation Alternative's "Bicycle Blueprint" for the five boroughs of New York City, John Kaehny, executive director, states: Making greenway networks a reality will require partnership between planners and advocates, on the one hand, and public officials controlling purse strings on the other. Local elected officials, particularly city council members and borough presidents, have to be reminded that greenways can multiply the value and variety of open space in the region at very low cost in public resources; under ISTEA, bike and pedestrian projects may be paid for using a 20/80 local/federal matching formula. What's more, by offering fresh air, recreation, quiet and sheer visual relief, this enhanced open space can increase property values for both residential and commercial uses along the route. Greenways can also save or generate money by reducing infrastructure and energy costs, improving air quality and public health, and boosting tourism.1 Of course, Bloomington is a far cry from New York City but the statements made above hold just as strongly for the city of Bloomington, Indiana as for any other community interested in developing an alternative transportation greenway network. Over the past several months the city of Bloomington has been holding a series of public meetings and discussions to aid Bloomington planners in the creation of a greenways plan for the community. "The city already has miles of alternative transportation routes, including bike routes and lanes, trails, side paths, and multi-use trails, and the idea is to connect the parts," states Tom Micuda, Bloomington Planning Director.2 In fact, even before the public meetings began a grou... ...ricia Collingwood, City of Bloomington Planning Manager, and Josh Desmond, City of Bloomington Senior Planner, at City Hall on March 2, 2001. Follow-up meeting with Josh Desmond on March 30, 2001. Interview / phone conversation with Steve Cotter, Bloomington Parks and Recreation, on March 29, 2001. Johnson, Jennifer. Parking Revenue at $2.5 Million. Indiana Daily Student, January 29, 2001. Johnson, Marda. Ideas Sought to Link Greenways in Bloomington. Herald-Times, February 19, 2001. Johnson, Marda. Greenways Wish List Assembled. Herald-Times, February 21, 2001. Peck, Nick. Motorless in Montreal. Utne Reader, March-April 2001. Stuebe, Gayle et al. "Friends of the Limestone Trail" article from the Herald-Times provided by Scott Burgins. Transportation Alternative's "The Electronic Bicycle Blueprint" at http://www.transalt.org/blueprint/index.html

Langston Hughes Critique Essay

In Aiden Wasley’s critique of â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes, Wasley summarizes and analyzes the poem and gives a unique perspective on the poem and the poet. Wasley’s critique provides detailed insight of the character’s roles, biblical references, and overall theme of â€Å"Mother to Son†. His ideas seem logical and tastefully distributed. Wasley could have mentioned more about why â€Å"Mother to Son† is still a popular poem in modern times. Wasley describes his opinions about how he believes that the Mother figure in the poem is symbolic for the troublesome history of African-Americans. According to Wasley, Langston Hughes has used the â€Å"mother talking to son† setting in a few of his other poems as well. Wasley also did a fantastic job at explaining how Hughes references â€Å"Life ain’t a crystal stair† to the biblical story of â€Å"Jacob’s Ladder†. These details give the readers of the poem more background information and bring new depth to the poem. In his critique, Wasley also evaluates the form of â€Å"Mother to Son† and states that this poem has a prominently defined Blues theme. One reason, which Wasley did not mention, that â€Å"Mother to Son† is still a popular poem is that the themes of struggle and hardships are universal subjects that almost every human has to go through in some point of their lives. â€Å"Mother to Son† can also be seen as an encouraging and inspiring story for people who are going through such hardships. Overall, Aiden Wasley’s critique was thorough and he explained many different elements of â€Å"Mother to Son†. Some of these elements include the role’s of the characters, bliblical references, and the Blues theme of the poem. It felt as though Wasley analyzed this poem from every angle except the universal themes of struggle and hardship and the inspiration quality that â€Å"Mother to Son† displays.

How Much Does the GRE Cost in 2017

Students taking the GRE will pay a minimum of $205 in the 2017-18 academic year. Other fees such as score reporting and score review services can make that cost significantly higher, as will the cost of the GRE Subject Test and GRE test preparation materials. 2017-18  GRE Cost Breakdown The GRE General Test Worldwide: $205 The GRE General Test in Australia $230 GRE General Test in China $220.70 Late Registration Fee for the paper-delivered test only $25 Standby testing fee for the paper-delivered test only $50 Rescheduling fee $50 Test center change fee $50 Extra score reports per recipient $27 Q and A review services for Quantitative and Verbal sections $50 Score review for Analytical Writing $60 Score review for Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning $50 Score reinstatement fee $50 Cost of GRE Subject Tests Many colleges require not just the GRE General Test, but also a GRE Subject Test. Subject tests are offered in Biology, Chemistry, Literature in English, Mathematics, Physics, and Psychology. The fees for rescheduling a subject test and for score reports are the same as the fees for the GRE General Exam. The cost for each GRE Subject Test is $150. Cost of Official GRE Test Preparation Materials The table above presents costs for the exam and score reporting. Doing well on the exam, however, often requires reviewing practice questions and taking practice exams. GRE provides some free materials for this purpose, but additional materials are available for a fee. POWERPREP Online (practice for the Computer-delivered GRE General Test Free Practice Book for the Paper-delievered GRE General Test Free POWERPREP PLUS Online (includes two official practice tests) $39.95 The Official Guide to the FRE General Test $40 Official GRE Super Power Pack (includes the Official Guide plus extra quantitative and verbal practice questions $72 ScoreItNow! Online Writing Practice $20 Case Studies of the Cost of the GRE Sally is applying to three graduate programs. She knows which programs those are on the day of her computer-based GRE exam, so her score reporting is included in her exam fee. She relies solely on free online practice materials for her test preparation. Total Cost: $205Marco takes the GRE before he has figured out which graduate programs he will be applying to, so he is unable to designate schools for score reporting at the time of his exam. He later decides to apply to six programs that require GRE scores. Marco must pay for six score reports plus the exam fee. Total Cost: $367Danny scheduled the GRE for August, but decided he needed more time to prepare. He buys the  Official Guide to the GRE General Test  and reschedules his exam for October. He is applying to highly selective graduate programs, so he sends out nine applications (he identifies four of these for score reporting when he takes the computer-based exam; so he must pay for five score reports). Total Cost: $390  Ma rissa is planning to go to graduate school for chemistry, and she is required to take both the GRE General Test and the GRE Subject Test. She buys the  Official Guide to the GRE General Test, and she sends scores to a total of eight colleges (four score reports are included in her exam fees, so she needs to pay for the remaining four reports. When she receives her General Exam scores, she is convinced her GRE scores are not good enough for competitive programs, so she takes the exam a second time.  Total Cost: $668 You can see that your total cost for the GRE will often be more than the exam fee, and the price can get high quickly when you are applying to a large number of schools or need to take both the General and the Subject tests. GRE Fee Reduction Program Some students simply dont have hundreds of dollars to spend on a standardized test. Fortunately, qualifying students can receive a 50 percent reduction in the exam fee if they can prove financial need. Details are available on the GRE Fee Reduction Program webpage. Of course, even at a 50% reduction, paying for the exam will still be a struggle for some students. Whereas the SAT offers fee waivers for qualifying students, GRE does not have a waiver option.