Women Liberation during the Socialist Era

Women Liberation during the Socialist Era Introduction This lecture is a close examination of women liberation during the Cultural Revolution in China. Despite the great suppression that women were subjected to, they stood up against all odds to defend their rights. Rising from the lows of an abused slave, Wu Qiong Hua showed a great spirit of a soldier.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Women Liberation during the Socialist Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She had a strong will to stand up for her rights and that will led her into joining the army and finally became an army leader. She had a great personality and great determination to fight for what was right. Considering the male dominated society and era that Wu Qiong Hua lived in, it is hard to imagine the feat she was able to accomplish. She was more than a fighter; she had the personality to fight women suppression. Thesis Women in China had been chained up by the traditional feminine role for thousands of years. They were coerced to obey the three obedience and four virtues. Mao introduced a new perspective of viewing women thus redefining the woman theory in a more liberal perspective. This was during the Cultural Revolution and women gracefully enjoyed a new status they had never experienced before. The new era in womanhood witnessed deep transformations spanning from the external appearance to the internal perceptions which had been deep seated during the class struggle era. The woman soldier is squarely a product of the actions of Mao, and thus of the socialist China. She is a witness and a proof of the transformation that took place during the socialist era. Women of this era were the contradictory mixture. They were the modifiers and were also the ones that were modified. The Red Detachment of Women, both in 1961 film version and 1964 ballet version, presented the enormous transformation of the female figure and their social status during the era of socialist C hina. The Red Detachment of Women, which had been assumed as the â€Å"model work† in Cultural Revolution, also reflects the life, politic, ideology and social values at the time.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historical Background The pre-socialist era was oppressive towards women. There were very many oppressive practices that the society embraced and which greatly burdened women. Fulton discusses these practices in great details. The first practice she highlights is that of foot-binding. This is an eleventh century practice introduced to the society by the wealthy class. Foot binding was very painful, but unfortunately very significant because it determined whether a woman could get married or not. This practice started at a very tender age of three years (Fulton 35). Another way that women were oppressed was in the manner in which the society allowed men to relate to them. Wives were treated with a lot off disrespect. A wife was a subject to the family she was married to. She did not have any powers but always had to be submissive to the family of her husband. Women also fostered oppression against themselves. A first wife had more power than the other wives and using this power she could cruelly treat the other wives. Concubines were used by men for sexual pleasure as well as for children siring. Wives had more power than concubines and as result concubines were also cruelly treated by wives. If a wife was barren she could take the children of a concubine. If a husband died, his wife took charge of the concubines and would do anything with them including selling them to a brothel. Prostitution was even worse. There were times when peasants resorted to sell their girls to prostitution (Fulton 35). On the question of women liberation from the above snapshot, Mao did a revolutionary work. Laws were instituted that gave protection to w omen, and consequently gave then a leeway from oppression. One such law was the right to get a divorce.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Women Liberation during the Socialist Era specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A wife could request for a divorce from her husband. This gave a great chance for wives to divorce husbands who abused them. Foot binding was also becoming a past act by 1949 as result of intentional advances by Mao to liberate women. Arranged marriages were banned – men and women had to choose each other for marriage. This gave great freedom to women to settle into marriage with men they were comfortable with. Marriage contracts and associated sales were also banned. This gave some dignity to women not to be viewed as goods for sale. Prostitution was outlawed and concubines were freed. A federation was started, Women’s Federation, to better the status of women in the society. Women wer e encouraged to join schools and the workforce (Fulton 35). Analysis of the scenes in film and ballet version Both the film and ballet version of The Red Detachment of Women reflects the status of women during the pre-socialist era. Wu Qiong Hua best illustrates this as she moves from being a slave into being a woman soldier. At the start of the film and the ballet, we get introduced to a slave girl who has been trying to escape from abuse in vain. She is subjected to beatings and torture every time she tries to escape. It seems she cannot do anything to free herself. The implication that is shed as at this level is that women were oppressed by forces above them and which they could not control (Xie 1). This was a true depiction of the events of the time because women were always under the control of their husbands and their mothers in law and if they were not married they were under their fathers’ and mothers’ control. As already discussed above, there was a time when families could sell their girls to get cash for food. Fulton also notes that at this time, food was so scarce that parents had to choose among the children who was to eat and who to starve and more often than not girls were forced to go hungry (Fulton 36).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The statement is simple, girls/women had nowhere to escape to for freedom whether they were married or not; oppression was right on their necks. This is exactly what is depicted at the opening moments of the film and ballet versions (Xie 1). It is worth noting that it is only the initial moments of the film and ballet versions that represent the status of women in the pre-socialist era. The depiction is that women were completely hopeless and they had nowhere to run. When Changqing gets attracted to the situation of Wu Qiong Hua, this marks the beginning of the desire by the Communist Party to liberate women and the whole of China indeed from oppression. The director used music and light to show the situation between good (socialist era) and bad (pre-socialist era). Changqing represents the good side which is bent on helping Wu Qiong Hua from the oppressive side Nan Batian (Xie 1). Gender norms at the time During the socialist era, women experienced great changes in their societal s tatus. One change which greatly changed the position of women in the society was the increase in their duties and especially the things they could do. Women were allowed to join the labor force in the factories. They learned how to run the factories. They were also allowed to go to school and gain academic competency. The call for education was even among the peasants and thus generally women gained education, and consequently were more informed. Education and empowerment from gains earned by joining the workforce raised women to a new level confidence; women gained some sort of independence which gave them some self-confidence. With this sort of confidence and the backup of the law, women were empowered to bargain even at the household level (Fulton 37). The role of the Women’s Federation cannot be assumed. This organization worked hard to see that women were given an opportunity to progress in the society. Some of the functions that the federation undertook was closing down of brothels and ensuring that all concubines were freed. The federation organized for the employment of women and did all it could to ensure that those who wanted to join school did that. Women were also informed of their rights concerning the various issues which touched their lives such as being married against their wish (Fulton 37). The empowerment of women did one great thing – it reduced the gender gap which had existed before. Women were no longer viewed as doormats but were accorded some respect. The mixture of women and men in the workplace made it possible for the notion of male gender superiority to melt. This era therefore uplifted the female gender, and as a result helped to wither masculinity dominance in the society. In other words, this time helped greatly in fostering equality. There was a great change in ideology on the role of women in the society. The society was turned round to respect and support women whom they had so much scorned. Women and Masculinit y Despite the stated above facts that the status of women changed under the socialist era, some critics have observed that the change in gender roles and the uplifting of women status was not as high as it has been said to be. According to Evans, women still played the roles of taking care of their families especially children. She argues that the fact that women were allowed to enter the workforce did not mean they neglected their primary role of taking care of their children, husbands and often parents-in-law. This was their customary domestic division of tasks (Evans 1). It is further noted that there was a violation of very basic issues that relate to women. The manner in which they were integrated into the workforce left much to be desired. The phrase â€Å"Whatever men can do, women can do too† was popularized in China at this time. Unfortunately, this led to rendering women masculine. Women were pushed into being like men – some sources refer to women of this ag e as ‘iron girls’ (Wang 136). For instance, they to wear the same uniforms as men and they made to appear as men. Men were being used as the yardstick for evaluating women (Li 1). This meant that women were losing their womanhood and were being transformed to be like me. This was degrading to women. Women soldiers under political influence As already noted above, women gained from the recognition they received from the political sector during the socialist era. It has been noted that the Communist Party had the interest of liberating women way before it was in power. This desire started among the founders of the party before it was even formed. As time progressed, much development unfolded and led to including women in the movement of the party after it was formed. Women issues were discussed in the first, second and third congress of the party back in 1923 (Evans 1). When the communist Party ascended to power, it had a clear picture of the need to liberate women. This is because women liberation was an issue which had been discussed at length way from the very beginning of the formation of the party. However, Evans argues that women liberation and politics, especially party politics, have been mixed up in issues to do with the definition of some terms. It has further been argued that depending on a term picked, the definition and perspective of liberation would take a different course. It is noted that the term given to liberation of women could change in definition depending on the party priorities (Xie, Lily, and Barry 1). Conclusion To conclude this lecture, we must note that the study of Chinese women warriors is very important. This is because they have made an important contribution in history of China. They stood up against barbaric traditions and fought their way to freedom. They therefore made a great contribution to the progress of the reformation of China. Asian women warriors in general have also made great contribution to their speci fic homelands in ensuring women rights are uplifted. The studies of women warriors in general therefore help us to appreciate the vital role that women play in the society to ensure that all society members are treated equally. Evans, Harriet. â€Å"The Language of Liberation: Gender and Jiefang in early Chinese Communist Party.† Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context 1 (1998): 1. Print. Fulton, Jessica. Holding up Half the Heavens: The Effect of Communist Rule on China’s Women. Class Article, 2013. Print. Li, Yuhui. â€Å"Women’s Movement and Change of Women’s Status in China.† Bridge, 2013. Web. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/ Wang, Zheng. Maoism, Feminism, and the UN Conference On Women: Womens Studies Research In Contemporary China. Journal of Womens History 8.4 (1997): 126. Print. Xie, Bingying, Lily C. Brissman, and Barry Brissman. A Woman Soldiers Own Story: The Autobiography of Xie Bingying. New York: Columbia Univers ity Press, 2001. Print. Xie, Jin. The Red Detachment of Women. Shanghai Tianma Film Studio production, 1961. Film.

Working Remotely The Pros and Cons of Remote Work

Working Remotely The Pros and Cons of Remote Work Working 9 to 5 When I worked in a â€Å"9 to 5† job as a legal services attorney, I used to stop at the gym on my way back from morning court dates. No one really knew at what time I was finished in court, and I always got my work done, staying late if necessary. So I never got in trouble for my liberties. And while I felt a little guilty about pushing the boundaries of my workday, overall I was happier. I could both keep my job and do other things that were important to me. What made me less happy was that I didn’t spend as much time as I wanted with my family, who lived in a different state. With just two or three weeks’ vacation, I did not have much flexibility. I would travel for short weekends, never feeling like I had enough time to spend with the people I loved. The Pleasures of Flex Time and Working Remotely Now that I am a business owner working from home, my flexible hours are a given. I make my own schedule (which includes  9:30am yoga classes). I can travel whenever I want, to anywhere I want, as long as there’s a phone and internet connection. Sure I work every day, but at least I get some changes of scenery. It would be hard for me to adjust now to a job that required me to be in an office for 9 hours a day, 5 days a week. A remote job, however, I could handle. Especially if it came with flex time and â€Å"unlimited vacation,† perks which many companies are starting to offer. I’m not alone in my sentiments. It turns out remote workers are happier and more productive, and feel more valued than non-remote employees. And a Harvard Business Review article cited a survey conducted by Fractl which found that â€Å"after health insurance, employees place the highest value on benefits †¦ such as flexible hours, more paid vacation time, and work-from-home options.  Not surprisingly, parents are the demographic most enthusiastic about flexible hours and work-life balance. They value these perks even more than health insurance when considering potential job offers! Remote Working Trends FlexJobs reports that 3.9 million U.S. employees work from home at least half of the time, more than double the number from 13 years ago. Interestingly, older workers (over 35) are more likely to telecommute than younger ones. Oh yes, I remember that up until age 35, I found it natural to go to an office and stay there all day! I must admit this data on rising remote work surprised me. I had recently heard about big companies like Yahoo, IBM, and Bank of America going in the opposite direction. They have called thousands of remote employees back into the office – resulting in widespread layoffs. The idea was that remote workers were not able to collaborate and participate in company culture to the extent these companies needed. There were also some situations where employees took inappropriate advantage of their right to work from home. Achieving Balance As with anything in life, balance – and communication – are key. Some companies, like Buffer and Basecamp, function well with fully remote teams. They have robust systems in place to ensure collaboration and communication. Other organizations do better having their employees in person, but allowing flexibility when, for instance, an employee’s child has a doctor’s appointment. And some positions at the same company can be better suited to remote work than others. I’m hearing from some clients that they have been working remotely in their current positions, but to advance to higher levels they need to be physically in the office. That makes sense to me. The benefits to employees of working remotely are clear, and so are the down-sides – like weaker relationships with colleagues, and the pull to procrastinate. Different personalities are suited to different levels of freedom. Benefits for Companies For companies, there are cost-saving benefits to leveraging remote workers. People who previously had to fly from across the globe for meetings, now can attend remotely with the same result. Software platforms (Zoom, Dropbox, GoogleDocs, Slack, etc.) make collaboration easy across continents, and new companies are springing up to take advantage of remote working trends. Remote workers’ productivity is also less affected by things like snow days (better for the company, perhaps, but maybe not as great for the worker who wants to go make snow people with the kids). One company, Kolabtree, predicts that by 2020, 50% of the U.S. workforce will be freelancing. I don’t know if that’s true, but I do think companies need to take care of their employees well and do whatever they can to keep workers happy. If given the right flexibility, even I would consider becoming an employee again! Are you considering working remotely and want help tailoring your resume or LinkedIn profile for the position? Contact us. Well be happy to help you focus your career documents for the job you want.

Post WWII Discrimination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Post WWII Discrimination - Essay Example All the participants of the war were entitled to government compensation due to their effort and time wasted in protecting the country. The compensations would enable the ex-soldiers improve their lives and settle fast after the mission2. The government passed Servicemen Readjustment Act in 1944 to adequately recognize the military personnel who had taken part in the war. This law would help the soldiers to settle immediately after the war and enjoy their Lives with relatives and families. However, after the war, black servicemen received unfair treatment from the state compared to their white counterparts in terms of remunerations and other individual rights envisaged in Servicemen Readjustment Acts of 1944. According to the government policies all the soldiers who had taken part in the world war two were promised inexpensive marketable and dwelling houses. All the soldiers whether back or white who had taken part in the Second World War, would have a chance to acquire the buildings of their choices on fair terms3. The government would subsidize the houses for the soldiers to enable them acquire dwelling places and settle with their families and relatives. The state had also offered to give those military men interest free loans which they could use to purchase houses at a lower than market value. However, after the end of the war white military men were given the chances to purchase the houses as promised. They were also given huge amount of loans which ere interest free to purchase the houses. On the other hand, black soldiers did not get any opportunity to buy the houses at lower than market value. They did not get any loan at all in favorable terms as promised by the government4. Consequently, the white soldiers bought good residential and commercial houses and lived a high quality life. The black soldiers on the other hand continued to live in poverty like before. This resulted to inequality in wealth possessions among the ex-soldiers in America. The gove rnment of America had promised all the soldiers who were involved in the war a chance to further their learning after the end of the war5. This offer was for both black and white soldiers, and the cost would be borne by the American government. After the war the government offered chances to white military men to pursue their studies at different education levels of their choices. The government gave the white soldiers first priority and they occupied all learning institutions6. However, most of the black ex-servicemen were denied this privilege of advancing their learning. Even those who were admitted in schools were not allowed to mix with the white soldiers. The black soldiers were given accommodation in tents because they were considered inferior and unworthy to live in the same building with the white soldiers who were considered superior7. This amounted to inequality because all soldiers had acquired similar training and fought on equal terms during the Second World War Inequa lity was also witnessed in sporting activities. Sports such as horse race, golf and swimming facilities were preserves of the white. The white soldiers enjoyed better sporting facilities while the black soldiers did not have access to gaming facilities at all. After the war the black servicemen were blamed by the white counterparts for their inability to perform excellently during the war. The white soldie

Transformational Leadership in Organizations Essay

Transformational Leadership in Organizations - Essay Example The term ‘leadership’ can be defined in various ways it can be stated as a mechanism through which all the team members are guided to achieve a common goal or a tool that enables all the members of an organization to work together and is supported by the leader as and when required. There are various forms of leadership and the appropriate leadership style that is adopted by an organization depends on a particular situation and nature of the team members. Transformational leadership is a form of leadership that facilitates job performance, morale and motivation of all the team members. This form of leadership enhances the followers to include their identity to the project and inspires more of collectivism in the organization so that every member feels being valued for their contribution towards the organization. Transformational leader becomes a role model for all the followers that makes them interested and also inspires them to work towards the common objectives of the organization. The leader adopting this kind of leadership style imposes challenges on the followers so that they can take more of ownership towards the job they perform, analyzes well the weaknesses and strengths of the team members and aligns the tasks to be executed by the followers in such a way that it enhances the overall work performance of the team members. Organizational leaders are the ones that shape and define work and contribute towards innovative practices in the organization. Individual leadership is one of the most important determinants of organizational innovation.

Literary Analysis Paper Essay Example for Free

Literary Analysis Paper Essay Retrieved Reformation is a short story about a man named Jimmy Valentine. In the beginning of the story, he is being released from prison for his crimes of robbing banks and cracking into safes. After being released, he realizes that he wants to live a life of no crime. He becomes a dynamic character because he begins to dramatically change after meeting the love of his life, Annabel Adams. He wanted to begin a new life. In â€Å"A Retrieved Reformation†, a selfish and unethical criminal named Jimmy Valentine is known from breaking into safes and robbing banks. In the first couple of pages of the story, we come to find that Jimmy was doing prison time because of the crimes that he would commit. On page 2 it states, â€Å"He had served ten months of a four- year sentence.† (pg 2) The reason that he only had to spend ten months was because the friends that he had were friends of the government so they told the judge to shorten the amount of prison time that Jimmy had to do. In this part of the story he is being released by a guard and he gives him some advice to stay out of trouble. â€Å"You’ll go out in the morning. Brace up, and make a man of yourself. You’re not a bad fellow at heart. Stop cracking safes, and live straight.† (pg 3) This advice would soon help Jimmy realize that he has to get his new life together and learn how to keep himself out of things that would get him in trouble with the law. See more: how to write an analysis paper As soon as Jimmy Valentine was released from prison, the reader is shown many examples on how Jimmy Valentine is a dynamic character and how much he has changed throughout his life. The first example is as soon as Jimmy Valentine got released from jail, he started robbing banks again. One day, he was walking around Elmore, the new town that he lived in, and stopped in amazement of a woman whom he had never met before. Her name was Annabel Adams. Her father had owned the bank. He went to a nearby hotel and registered his name as Ralph D. Spencer and got a room. Jimmy came to Elmore in search of a location to go into business. He was talking to the clerk at the desk about shoe-store openings in the town. He opened a shoe store to keep his mind busy instead of robbing banks. On page 7 the author states, â€Å"He opened a shoe-store and secured a good run of trade.† Also, Jimmy Valentine legally got his name changed to Mr. Ralph Spencer because he wanted to start a brand new life and wanted to leave his bad memories and crimes behind him. Finally, in this time in this time in the story, Jimmy Valentine has completed changed his life around by becoming engaged and opening a business. Now all he has to do is sell his tools away to his friend because he doesn’t need them anymore. On page 8, the author states â€Å"I wouldn’t touch a dollar of another mans money now for a million.† This shows that he is serious about not going back to his old way of life and wants to stay out of troubles way. He wants his friend to meet him at a place named Sully’s so that he can give him the kit of tools. Also, on page it, it says â€Å"I wouldn’t do another crooked thing for the whole world.† Jimmy Valentine is trying very hard to keep his new life successful and crime-free. One day, Annabel and Jimmy go to the bank that Annabel’s father, Mr. Adams owned. Suddenly, they heard a scream of a woman. They ran to where they heard it from. A nine-year old girl named May had shut Agatha in the vault. Mr. Adams tried to open the door. He said that it could not be opened because May had turned the knob on the door. Jimmy told everybody to be quiet. He yelled into the vault to try to see if Agatha could respond to him. Her mother thought that she would die in the vault of fright. Jimmy had done something that had surprised everyone. He opened his suitcase full of the tools that he was going to give away to his friend. He used those tools to crack into the vault like he had in his old life. He used a drill to open into the vault. Agatha was safe and collapsed into her mothers arms.

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The attempt to capture the American dream is central to many novels. This dream is different for different people, but in The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that through wealth and power, one can acquire happiness. This happiness is something for which he must reach into the past to have and for which he must revive an old dream. Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is one character who longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of his adult life trying to recapture and, finally, dies in its pursuit. In the past, Jay had a love affair with the affluent Daisy. Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference in their social status, he leaves her to amass wealth to reach her economic standards. Once he acquires this wealth, he moves near to Daisy and throws extravagant parties, hoping by chance she might show up at one of them. He, himself, does not attend his parties but watches them from a distance. When this dream doesn’t happen, he asks around casually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets Nick Carraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up a meeting. Gatsby’s personal dream symbolizes the larger American dream where all have the opportunity to get what they want. Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay still believes that Daisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown when he takes the blame for Myrtle’s death and then watches and protects Daisy as she returns home. Jay cannot accept that the past is gone and done with. Jay is sure that he can capture his dream with his wealth and influence. He believes that he acted for a good beyond his

Written Rational of Negotiating with Learners

Written rational of negotiating with learners, understanding inclusive learning, how to integrate functional skills and how communication can be delivered to the learner Teaching is based on many different ideas which all come to gether to help create and deliver a session to a group of learners. It is important to understand how, communication, inclusive learning, functional skills and negotiating with learners can lead to effective learning.Planning teaching and sessions can enable all learners to have the same opportunities to learn equally and will help the teacher to achieve their learning objectives. Negotiating with learners Assessment should be used for teachers as well as learners Life long learning UK (2007) Assessment is a valuable tool for both Teachers and learners to assess how and whether learning has occurred, according to Scales (2008) The principle purpose of assessment is to help people to learn; it should not be about testing people to see at what point they will fail.It is a method of elevating learners to a higher level of learning Everett (2012) Initial assessment occurs at the beginning of the course or precourse to obtain information about the learner’s skills and knowlage to date. Formative assessment helps the teacher to see how learners are progressing before moving on to other topics. It includes the effectiveness of the teaching and learning-taking place. Summative assessment is carried out at the end of the module or the course to assess whether the learning objectives have been achieved this can be via an exam.Other Methods of assessment include the following, *Observation * Simulation * Project and assignment * Portfolio * Written questions (essays and short answers) * Verbal or oral questions * Professional * On going assessment * Questions and answers * Assignments * Debates and discussions Initial assessment should help agree goals between the learner and the teacher; it is god process to help ensure the learner feels supported and happy. Inclusive learningInclusive learning Is about recognising that each learner is if different and each learner will require different information or aids to help them learn, it is about understanding that no one learner should be excluded from any activities within any session. In terms of learning this is where the teacher can really empower their students. According to Petty (2009) Inclusion, diversity, entitlement, differentiation, ensuring equal opportunities and personalized learning require teachers to treat students as individuals.When planning sessions it is important that the teacher plans for inclusion, an effective way to do this is to make sure session plans are written beforehand and â€Å"includes methods that appeal to visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic learners† Wilson (2009) Sessions should follow a structured style, that includes a introduction, middle and end, it should also include lots of interaction between the teacher and the class, b ut also make sure there are lots of things to do such as quizzes, visuals (PowerPoint) and games.The teacher should also analyze the class as it progresses to make any needed changes but also make an effort to make sure everyone in the class feel included. â€Å"Support your less able learners and stretch the imagination of the gifted ones† Wilson (2009)The Use of different resources to help each learner get the most from the session is important, aim to be creative with your learners, if there is a lot of talking in a planned session create hand outs to aid visual learners to help them follow, a great way to invite kinaesthic learners to learn is to give them hand outs and ask them to fill in blank words as they go though the session, by making sure the session is varied and has lots to do ensures that the needs of VAK are being met.Great resource openers, fillers and closers include word searches, quizzes, and crosswords can be given to those learners who are quick to finis h or for those who need an alternative exercise. Communication Communication is a means of passing on information from one person to another; it can be verbal, non-verbal or written Gravells (2008) Communication is generally in one of three ways; 1. Written – this can be long hand, short hand, text, images 2. Verbal – spoken, direct face-to-face or indirect on the telephone 3.Non-verbal, also know as body language – dress, facial expression, Proximity, and touch. In any communication exchange, the teacher should ensure that what has been offered has been understood. Pausing to summarize the things that have been spoken and heard can do this, and by asking questions to get feedback from learners to make sure they have understood and comprehended the topic. The key with any communication understands the message, which is being conveyed which can be done via questions and answer sessions, quizzes, questionnaires, feedback sessions.For communication to be effective the teacher needs to understand the intrinsic barriers to effective communication these can include the following: * Jargon and specialist terminology – write specialist words or info On the board so learners understand * Level of language depends on age of the learner be mindful when Developing hand outs so learners understand * Language and accent- speak clearly and slowly * Noise background noise can be distracting, fans, computers outside Noise * Listening and writing some people can not write and listen at the Same time, time should be given for note taking Talking and listening- speed, timing and allow for thinking time Integrating functional skills Functional skills are an initiative that was devised by the government to standardize qualifications in English, maths, and ICT. Functional skills are also known, †¢ Basic skills †¢ Common skills †¢ Key skills †¢ Core skills However they are now known as functional skills and these refer to the mastery of English (lit and language), maths (numeracy) ICT (info technology) These are the skills that underpin all learning and without them learners will struggle to meet the needs and demands of their chosen qualification, work and life skills.Government 14-19 education and skills white paper employers have identified functional skills as vital skills to learning, and functional skills can be taught in any class setting. English/ Literacy – spelling competitions – Discussions – Presentations Maths – – real life skills – Calculations – Interpreting and presenting results ICT – finding and selecting information – Entering and developing information.Embedding functional skills means that English, maths and ICT are delivered within any session in a clear concise way with out the learner realising it is being taught. â€Å" Integrating functional skills into your teaching means that you will set activities which meet the literacy, or numeracy standards; they may or may not be in context. By incorporating functional skills into every activity they will become embedded† Wilson (2009) Integrating functional skills is essential for helping learners to achieve and succeed in the future.Learning should engage, motivate and enthuse each learner on an individual basis, this means the learners individual needs should be considered and language, literacy, and numeracy skill levels should be considered, teachers should make sure each learner is taught in a way that they feel engaged, respected, safe, secure, and valued. Teachers should seek to use communication strategies that are within the learner’s range of understanding to motivate them.Wilson (2009) suggests that teaching and learning strategies should vary according to how the teacher will engage and support the learners within the time allowed, by using a range of learning methods, materials and resources each learner will feel included and supporte d with in the learning environment. Reference page Life long leaning UK (1997) Inclusive learning approaches for literacy, language, numeracy and ICT Scales. P. (2008) life long learning sector. Wilson. L. (2009) Practical teaching, a guide to PTLLS and DTLLS,